ASTM A105
Carbon-steel forgings for piping components — flanges, fittings, valves — for ambient and higher-temperature pressure service.
Carbon Steel — Grades, Products & Specifications
Structural, pressure-vessel and low-temperature carbon steels for piping, plates, forgings and structures — the economical backbone of industrial construction.
Carbon Steel — Material Overview
Carbon steel is iron with carbon as the principal alloying element, with manganese, silicon, sulphur and phosphorus controlled within specification limits. It offers high strength, good weldability and low cost, and accounts for the largest tonnage of any engineering metal. Where carbon steel is exposed to corrosive fluids or atmospheres it is protected by coatings, linings or cathodic systems, or upgraded to alloy steel or stainless steel.
ACERO ALLOYS supplies carbon steel in the product standards most used by fabricators and EPC contractors: seamless pressure piping (A106, A333), welded and ERW line pipe (A53, API 5L), boiler and air-preheater tubes (A210, A423, BS 3059 / 6323), pressure-vessel plate (A516), forgings (A105, A350, A694) and structural sections to IS 2062 / IS 1239 / 3589 and EN 10025 — from everyday A36 and S355J2 to quenched-and-tempered S690QL, weathering Corten, abrasion-resistant and 12 – 14% manganese plate. The high-temperature chrome-molybdenum steels are covered on the Alloy Steel page.
25grades listed
7,850 kg/m³typical density
7product forms
Available Grades
The grades below are the ones most often asked for. Each grade stays on this page — the material-first way to browse.
ASTM A106 Gr. B
The standard seamless carbon-steel pipe for high-temperature service — the default pressure-piping grade worldwide across refineries, boilers and process plants.
ASTM A106 Gr. C
Higher-strength A106 pipe for more demanding pressure duty.
ASTM A53 Gr. B
Seamless and welded (ERW) carbon-steel pipe for general structural and pressure uses, including air, water and steam lines.
ASTM A333 Gr. 6
Seamless and welded low-temperature carbon-steel (LTCS) pipe, impact-tested for service down to −46 °C — refrigeration, LNG support systems and cold-weather piping.
ASTM A516 Gr. 60
Pressure-vessel plate with moderate strength and excellent weldability for lower-strength vessels and tanks.
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
The most widely specified pressure-vessel plate grade — boilers, storage tanks and process vessels at ambient and moderate temperatures.
ASTM A350 LF2 / LF3
Impact-tested carbon-steel forgings for flanges and fittings in low-temperature service (−46 °C). LF3 is the 3.5% nickel variant rated down to −101 °C.
IS 2062 E250 / E350
Indian standard hot-rolled structural steel — plates, sections and flats for general structural fabrication. E250 is the general-purpose grade; E350 the higher-strength variant for heavily loaded structures.
API 5L Gr. B / X42 – X70
Line pipe for oil, gas and water transmission in seamless, ERW and LSAW forms from Gr. B through X42, X52, X60 and X70 — the standard pipe for pipelines and gathering systems, in PSL1 and PSL2 quality levels with full traceability.
ASTM A333 Gr. 3
3.5% nickel steel pipe for very low-temperature service — impact-tested to −101 °C for LNG, ethylene and cryogenic support piping.
ASTM A36
The classic structural carbon steel — plates, bars, shapes and angles for buildings, platforms, frames and general fabrication.
EN 10025-2 S355J2+N
EN / W.Nr. 1.0577
The European structural workhorse — normalised hot-rolled structural steel with 355 MPa minimum yield and −20 °C impact toughness. Plates, sections, bars and hollow sections for bridges, cranes and heavy structures.
EN 10025-6 S690QL
EN / W.Nr. 1.8928
Quenched-and-tempered high-strength structural steel at 690 MPa minimum yield — mobile cranes, mining and earth-moving equipment, high-load brackets and weight-critical structures where S355 would be too heavy.
C45 / EN8D
EN / W.Nr. 1.0503
Medium-carbon engineering steel (≈ 0.45% C) — shafts, axles, gears, spindles, studs and stress-bearing machined parts requiring good strength after normalising or quenching and tempering.
IS 1239 / 3589 (MS ERW & GI Pipe)
Indian standard mild-steel ERW pipes — black and galvanised (GI) — for water, gas and air lines, structural and general engineering use. IS 3589 covers heavier wall thickness for water and oil mains.
Corten A / B (Weathering Steel)
Weathering structural steel with copper, chromium and nickel — forms a stable protective patina that retards further atmospheric corrosion several times better than ordinary carbon steel. Bridges, containers, rail wagons, transmission towers and architectural structures.
Abrasion-Resistant Plate 400 – 600
Quenched wear plate supplied at nominal 400, 450, 500 and 600 Brinell hardness — liners, chutes, hoppers, buckets, crusher parts and truck beds where abrasion destroys ordinary steel.
Manganese Steel 12 – 14 % (Hadfield)
Austenitic manganese steel that work-hardens under impact from an initially soft surface — jaw and cone crusher liners, hammers, track pads, dipper teeth and rail crossings. Tough and non-magnetic.
BS 3059 P1 Gr. 320 (Boiler Tube)
British standard carbon-steel boiler and superheater tube, grade 320 (320 MPa minimum tensile), for water-tube boilers and heat exchangers.
BS 6323 Part 5 (Tube)
British standard steel tube for mechanical and general engineering purposes — hydraulic lines, automotive and machinery tubular components in CDS, CFS and ERW qualities.
ASTM A210 Gr. A1 (Boiler Tube)
Seamless medium-carbon steel tube for boiler waterwalls, economisers and superheater support — the standard US boiler tube with controlled microstructure for high-temperature pressure service.
ASTM A423 (Air-Preheater Tube)
Carbon and carbon-manganese steel tube developed for air-preheater service — corrosion resistance in flue-gas condensate, better than ordinary boiler tube. Grades 1 and 2 in seamless and welded forms.
ASTM A694 F42 – F70
High-yield-strength carbon and low-alloy forgings for line-pipe flanges, valves and fittings — grades F42 through F70 matching the yield strength of the mating pipe.
ASTM A234 WPB / A420 WPL6
Wrought carbon-steel fittings for ambient- and high-temperature piping (WPB) and impact-tested low-temperature service (WPL6) — elbows, tees, reducers and caps in the standard pressure classes.
Chemical Composition (indicative)
Nominal ranges as published in the common product standards. Values are indicative and for comparison only — always purchase against the current ASTM/EN specification and the mill test certificate.
ASTM A105
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.35 |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.60 – 1.05 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.35 (0.10 – 0.35 for forgings) |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.035 |
| Sulphur (S) | ≤ 0.050 |
ASTM A106 Gr. B
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.30 (Gr. B) |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.29 – 1.06 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≥ 0.10 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤ 0.035 |
| Sulphur (S) | ≤ 0.035 |
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
| Element | Content |
|---|---|
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.27 – 0.31 (by thickness) |
| Manganese (Mn) | 0.79 – 1.30 |
| Silicon (Si) | 0.13 – 0.45 |
Mechanical Properties (indicative)
Typical minimum values for the common product forms in the annealed / solution-treated condition. Actual properties depend on product form, specification revision and heat treatment.
ASTM A105
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 415 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 205 MPa |
| Elongation (min) | 30 % |
ASTM A106 Gr. B
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 415 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 240 MPa |
| Elongation (min) | 16.5 – 30 % (by wall) |
ASTM A106 Gr. C
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 485 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 275 MPa |
ASTM A53 Gr. B
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 415 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 240 MPa |
ASTM A333 Gr. 6
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 415 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 240 MPa |
| Impact test temperature | −46 °C |
ASTM A516 Gr. 60
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 415 – 550 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 220 MPa |
ASTM A516 Gr. 70
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 485 – 620 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 260 MPa |
| Elongation (min) | 17 – 21 % (by gauge) |
ASTM A350 LF2 / LF3
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 485 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 260 MPa |
IS 2062 E250 / E350
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 410 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 250 MPa |
| Elongation (min) | 23 % |
ASTM A333 Gr. 3
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 485 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 240 MPa |
| Impact test temperature | −101 °C |
ASTM A36
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength | 400 – 550 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 250 MPa |
EN 10025-2 S355J2+N
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (≤ 16 mm) | 470 – 630 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, ≤ 16 mm) | 355 MPa |
| Impact test temperature | −20 °C |
EN 10025-6 S690QL
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (≤ 50 mm) | 770 – 940 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, ≤ 50 mm) | 690 MPa |
| Impact test temperature | −40 °C |
Abrasion-Resistant Plate 400 – 600
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Nominal hardness (by grade) | ≈ 360 – 600 HBW |
| Tensile strength (typical) | ≈ 1250 MPa (AR400, indicative) |
BS 3059 P1 Gr. 320 (Boiler Tube)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 320 MPa |
ASTM A210 Gr. A1 (Boiler Tube)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength (min) | 325 MPa |
| Yield strength (min) | 180 MPa |
Physical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 7.85 g/cm³ (7850 kg/m³) |
| Melting range | ≈ 1420 – 1540 °C |
| Thermal conductivity (100 °C) | ≈ 52 W/m·K |
| Specific heat | ≈ 490 J/kg·K |
| Modulus of elasticity | ≈ 200 GPa |
Available Product Forms
Carbon Steel is offered in the product forms below. Availability varies by grade and size — confirm the exact combination with our sales desk.
Pipes & Tubes
Seamless and welded pipes and tubes to ASTM/ASME, IS and BS specifications — including boiler, air-preheater and corten tubes.
Sheets, Plates & Coils
Hot-rolled and cold-rolled sheets, plates, coils, circles and flats in standard and cut sizes.
Pipe Fittings
Butt-weld, forged and socket-weld fittings — elbows, tees, reducers, caps, stub ends, olets and nipples.
Flanges
Weld neck, slip-on, blind, lap joint, socket weld, threaded, spectacle, ring joint, orifice and deck flanges to ASME B16.5, 150# – 2500#.
Bars, Rods & Wires
Bright and black round bars, square and hex bars, flats and wires in stainless, duplex, alloy, carbon and nickel-alloy grades.
Structural Steel
Angles, channels, beams, flats and other structural sections.
Fasteners
Bolts, nuts, studs, washers and threaded rods in alloy and stainless grades.
Industrial Applications
- Refinery and process pressure piping
- Pressure vessels, boilers and storage tanks
- Structural steelwork and platforms
- Water, air and steam utility piping
- Low-temperature and refrigeration service (LTCS)
- General fabrication and engineering
Applicable Standards
| Standard | Scope |
|---|---|
| ASTM A106 / ASME SA106 | Seamless carbon-steel pipe for high-temperature service |
| ASTM A53 / ASME SA53 | Welded and seamless steel pipe |
| ASTM A333 / ASME SA333 | Seamless and welded low-temperature pipe |
| ASTM A516 / ASME SA516 | Pressure-vessel plates, carbon steel |
| ASTM A105 / ASME SA105 | Carbon-steel forgings for piping components |
| ASTM A350 / ASME SA350 | Carbon and low-alloy forgings, impact-tested |
| ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H | Bolting for high-temperature service |
| API 5L | Line pipe for oil and gas transmission (Gr. B – X70) |
| ASTM A210 / A423 | Boiler and air-preheater tubes |
| BS 3059 / BS 6323 | Boiler, superheater and mechanical tube (UK) |
| IS 2062 | Hot-rolled structural steel (India) |
| IS 1239 / IS 3589 | MS ERW and galvanised pipes (India) |
| EN 10025 | Hot-rolled structural steels (S235 – S690) |
| ASME B36.10M | Welded and seamless wrought-steel pipe dimensions |
Quality & Documentation
Carbon steel is supplied against ASTM/ASME or IS specifications with EN 10204 Type 3.1 mill test certification and heat-number traceability. Impact testing (for A333/A350 material), NDE and third-party inspection can be arranged — state the documentation package when requesting a quote.
Related Engineering Calculators
Pipe Weight Calculator
Theoretical weight of pipe from outside diameter, wall thickness, length and material.
Round Bar Weight Calculator
Theoretical weight of round bars from diameter, length and material.
Sheet & Plate Weight Calculator
Theoretical weight of sheets and plates from length, width, thickness and material.
Technical Flange Calculator
ASME B16.5 dimensions, bolting pattern and weight estimates for 14 flange types.
Unit Conversion Calculator
mm ↔ in, m ↔ ft, kg ↔ t, kg/m ↔ lb/ft and MPa ↔ psi conversions.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between ASTM A106 and A53?
A106 is available only seamless and is intended for high-temperature pressure service; A53 covers both welded (ERW) and seamless pipe for general and structural uses. For refinery-grade pressure piping, A106 Gr. B is normally specified.
When is ASTM A333 Gr. 6 required?
A333 Gr. 6 is impact-tested carbon steel rated for service down to −46 °C. It is used where ordinary carbon steel would become brittle — refrigeration circuits, cold-weather plants and low-temperature storage systems.
Which plate grade should I choose — A516 Gr. 60 or 70?
Gr. 70 is the common choice for most pressure vessels with its higher strength; Gr. 60 gives slightly better formability and weldability for lower-strength designs. Both are fine-grained killed steels suited to moderate and lower-temperature vessels.
What bolting goes with carbon-steel flanges?
ASTM A193 Gr. B7 studs with A194 Gr. 2H nuts are the standard high-temperature bolting pair for A105 flanges — the recommended pairing is also shown by our flange calculator.
What density do your calculators use for carbon steel?
7.85 g/cm³ (7850 kg/m³). Pipe, bar and plate weights are theoretical estimates for budgeting and freight; verified weights come with the mill certificate.
Need Carbon Steel Priced?
Send the grade, product form, size and quantity — our sales desk replies with an offer and lead time within one business day.