Hastelloy — Material Overview
Hastelloy is the family name for the most corrosion-resistant nickel alloys in process-industry use. The C-family (C276, C22, C4) balances chromium for oxidising-acid resistance with molybdenum and tungsten for reducing-acid and pitting resistance — so broadly useful that C276 is the default "when nothing else works" material.
The B-family (B2, B3) is specialised: near-total molybdenum gives unmatched hydrochloric-acid resistance at all concentrations and temperatures, at the cost of poor resistance to oxidising contaminants — ferric or cupric ions must be excluded.
5grades listed
8,890 kg/m³typical density (C276; other grades vary — see table)
6product forms
Available Grades
The grades below are the ones most often asked for. Each grade stays on this page — the material-first way to browse.
Hastelloy C276
UNS N10276 EN / W.Nr. 2.4819
The most versatile corrosion-resistant nickel alloy — wet chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, organic chlorides, sulphuric and hydrochloric acids across mixed oxidising/reducing duty. Weldable without sensitisation.
Hastelloy C22
UNS N06022 EN / W.Nr. 2.4602
Higher-chromium successor to C276 with better oxidising-acid resistance (wet chlorine, nitric acid mixtures) and the best all-round pitting/crevice performance of the C-family.
Hastelloy C4
UNS N06455 EN / W.Nr. 2.4610
Tungsten-free, low-carbon C-family grade with maximum microstructure stability — high-temperature chemical duty where prolonged thermal exposure would sensitise other alloys.
Hastelloy B2
UNS N10665 EN / W.Nr. 2.4617
Nickel-molybdenum alloy for hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures, and for sulphuric and acetic acid reducing service. Must be shielded from oxidising species (ferric/cupric ions, aerated acids).
Hastelloy B3
UNS N10675 EN / W.Nr. 2.4600
Improved B-family alloy with better thermal stability and fabrication behaviour than B2 — hydrochloric acid and reducing chemical service.
Chemical Composition (indicative)
Nominal ranges as published in the common product standards. Values are indicative and for comparison only — always purchase against the current ASTM/EN specification and the mill test certificate.
Hastelloy C276
Hastelloy C276 — chemical composition, % by mass
| Element | Content |
| Nickel (Ni) | bal. |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 15.0 – 17.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.5 – 16.5 |
| Tungsten (W) | 3.0 – 4.5 |
| Iron (Fe) | 4.0 – 7.0 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.01 |
Hastelloy C22
Hastelloy C22 — chemical composition, % by mass
| Element | Content |
| Nickel (Ni) | bal. |
| Chromium (Cr) | 20.0 – 22.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 12.5 – 14.5 |
| Tungsten (W) | 2.5 – 3.5 |
| Iron (Fe) | 2.0 – 6.0 |
Hastelloy C4
Hastelloy C4 — chemical composition, % by mass
| Element | Content |
| Nickel (Ni) | bal. |
| Chromium (Cr) | 14.0 – 18.0 |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 14.0 – 17.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 3.0 |
Hastelloy B2
Hastelloy B2 — chemical composition, % by mass
| Element | Content |
| Nickel (Ni) | bal. |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 26.0 – 30.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 2.0 |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.02 |
Hastelloy B3
Hastelloy B3 — chemical composition, % by mass
| Element | Content |
| Nickel (Ni) | bal. |
| Molybdenum (Mo) | 27.0 – 32.0 |
| Chromium (Cr) | 1.0 – 3.0 |
| Iron (Fe) | 1.0 – 3.0 |
Mechanical Properties (indicative)
Typical minimum values for the common product forms in the annealed / solution-treated condition. Actual properties depend on product form, specification revision and heat treatment.
Hastelloy C276
Hastelloy C276 — mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile strength (min, annealed) | 690 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, annealed) | 283 MPa |
| Elongation (min) | 40 % |
| Density | 8.89 g/cm³ |
Hastelloy C22
Hastelloy C22 — mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile strength (min, annealed) | 690 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, annealed) | 310 MPa |
| Density | 8.69 g/cm³ |
Hastelloy C4
Hastelloy C4 — mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile strength (min, annealed) | 690 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, annealed) | 276 MPa |
| Density | 8.64 g/cm³ |
Hastelloy B2
Hastelloy B2 — mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile strength (min, annealed) | 745 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, annealed) | 345 MPa |
| Density | 9.22 g/cm³ |
Hastelloy B3
Hastelloy B3 — mechanical properties
| Property | Value |
| Tensile strength (min, annealed) | 760 MPa |
| Yield strength (min, annealed) | 350 MPa |
| Density | 9.22 g/cm³ |
Physical Properties
Hastelloy — physical properties
| Property | Value |
| Melting range (C276) | ≈ 1325 – 1370 °C |
| Thermal conductivity (C276, 20 °C) | ≈ 10 W/m·K |
| Modulus of elasticity (C276) | ≈ 205 GPa |
Industrial Applications
- Hydrochloric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid plants
- Wet-chlorine gas and hypochlorite service
- Flue-gas desulphurisation (FGD) systems
- Pulp-and-paper bleach-plant equipment
- Waste-incineration and pollution control
- Pharmaceutical reaction vessels
- Acid pickling and plating equipment
Applicable Standards
Standards commonly applied to Hastelloy products
| Standard | Scope |
| ASTM B622 / ASME SB622 | Seamless nickel-alloy pipe and tube |
| ASTM B575 / ASME SB575 | Nickel-alloy plate, sheet and strip (C-family, B-family) |
| ASTM B366 | Nickel-alloy welded fittings |
| ASTM B564 / SB564 | Nickel-alloy forgings |
| ASTM B574 / SB574 | Nickel-alloy rod and bar |
| ASTM B619 | Nickel-alloy welded pipe |
Quality & Documentation
Hastelloy is supplied to ASTM/ASME specifications with EN 10204 Type 3.1 certification, heat-number traceability and the corrosion/intergranular tests the specification calls for (ASTM G28A for C-family). Independent PMI verification and third-party inspection can be arranged with the enquiry.
Related Engineering Calculators
Frequently Asked Questions
Hastelloy C276 or C22 — which one?
C276 is the established all-rounder with the longest service record and easiest availability. C22 has more chromium, so it performs better in strongly oxidising media (nitric/chromic acids, wet chlorine at high temperature) and slightly better in pitting duty. Most mixed-duty chemical plants still default to C276.
Can Hastelloy B2/B3 handle any hydrochloric acid?
B-family alloys resist pure HCl at all concentrations and temperatures, but they are attacked by oxidising contaminants — ferric ions, cupric ions or dissolved oxygen in the acid. If aeration or Fe³⁺ contamination is possible, specify a C-family alloy instead.
Is C276 better than 316L in sulphuric acid?
Yes, dramatically — C276 covers sulphuric-acid concentrations and temperatures where 316L would suffer rapid attack, which is why it is the standard material for acid regeneration and FGD duty.
Can Hastelloy be welded?
Yes. C276/C22 weld with matching fillers (ERNiCrMo-4 / ERNiCrMo-10) and, being low-carbon, do not sensitise at welds — one of the family's key advantages. B-family welding needs care with iron contamination.
Why is Hastelloy so expensive?
Molybdenum, tungsten and chromium make up much of the alloy — high raw-material cost plus demanding melting and processing. Where the duty allows, our engineers can suggest 904L or duplex alternatives at lower cost; for the severest duty there is no substitute.
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